
A View of Kabul

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Places
Being newly formed in 2002, PeaceBridge International has thus far been able to establish work in the following 3 locations:
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Zenica (ZEH-neet-sah), Bosnia
Most Prijateljstva works exclusively in an area of Cental Bosnia called the Babino Valley. It is named this because the Babino River runs through it. 'Babino' in Bosnian means 'old woman' or 'grandmother'. The area has a population of around 14,000 people who live in 31 villages. These villages are very small, tight-knit communities with strong family connections. They are in a rural area and a more simple standard of living is the rule. The Babino Valley is outside the central Bosnian city of Zenica. Many families in Zenica have familial ties to the villages. The vast majority of families in the Babino Valley are very poor and have no hope of jobs or means to earn income. Unemployment hovers around 90%. For more information on our Bosnia projects go to
http://mpbih.org .
Banja Luka, Bosnia (Serbian)
Soon, PBI will open a brand new branch in Banja Luka, on the R.S. side of Bosnia.
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Kabul, Afghanistan
Located in the heart of Afghanistan, the capital city Kabul is in the center of a rapidly recovering and developing nation.
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Afghanistan
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| Population |
28,513,677 |
| Capital |
Kabul |
| Area |
total: 647,500 sq km land: 647,500 sq km water: 0 sq km |
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Bosnia
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| Population |
4,007,608 |
| Capital |
Sarajevo |
| Area |
total: 51,129 sq km land: 51,129 sq km water: 0 sq km |
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Afghanistan's recent history is a story of war and civil unrest. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979, but was forced to withdraw 10 years later by anti-Communist mujahidin forces. The Communist regime in Kabul collapsed in 1992. Fighting that subsequently erupted among the various mujahidin factions eventually helped to spawn the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that fought to end the warlordism and civil war which gripped the country. The Taliban seized Kabul in 1996 and were able to capture most of the country outside of Northern Alliance srongholds primarily in the northeast.
Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama BIN LADIN. In late 2001, a conference in Bonn, Germany, established a process for political reconstruction that ultimately resulted in the adoption of a new constitution and presidential elections in 2004. On 9 October 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan. National Assembly elections are tentatively scheduled for spring 2005.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991, was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "Greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995).
The Dayton Agreement retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a joint multi-ethnic and democratic government. This national government was charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government comprised of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments were charged with overseeing most government functions. The Office of the High Representative (OHR) was established to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004; their mission was to maintain peace and stability throughout the country.
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